News & Commentaries

30 Jan 2020

ASU Scientists Boost Gene-editing Tools to New Heights in Human Stem Cells

STEMBOOK: ASU scientists boost gene-editing tools to new heights in human stem cells
Proof-of-concept shows genes implicated in Alzheimer's disease can be accurately edited with 90% efficiency in human stem cells

College Station, TX, USA – During the past decade, the gene editing tool CRISPR has transformed biology and opened up hopeful avenues to correct deadly inherited diseases. Now, the first human clinical trials using CRISPR have begun in the hopes of curing diseases by taking damaged cells out of patient and repairing and replacing them.

29 Jan 2020

New Injection Technique May Boost Spinal Cord Injury Repair Efforts

STEMBOOK: New Injection Technique May Boost Spinal Cord Injury Repair Efforts
In rodent studies, method reduced likelihood of further spinal cord trauma while delivering large doses of potentially reparative stem cells; the approach may have utility for multiple neurodegenerative conditions

San Diego, CA, USA – Writing in the journal Stem Cells Translational Medicine, an international research team, led by physician-scientists at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, describe a new method for delivering neural precursor cells (NSCs) to spinal cord injuries in rats, reducing the risk of further injury and boosting the propagation of potentially reparative cells.The findings are published in the Jan. 29, 2020 print issue.

29 Jan 2020

Molecular Motors Direct the Fate of Stem Cells

STEMBOOK: Molecular motors direct the fate of stem cells
Proof-of-concept shows genes implicated in Alzheimer's disease can be accurately edited with 90% efficiency in human stem cells

Groningen, The Netherlands – The surface on which cells are grown can affect their properties. Scientists have used molecular motors, which rotate when irradiated with light, to change the structure of a protein layer on which stem cells were seeded. These stem cells, derived from bone marrow, can form different cell types or they can remain stem cells. The movement of the motors primed the stem cells to transform more efficiently into bone cells. This technique could be used to dynamically control cellular behaviour on surfaces and create complex cell layers and tissues with different cell types by changing the properties of the protein layer at specific places.

29 Jan 2020

After a Bone Injury, Shape-shifting Cells Rush to the Rescue

STEMBOOK: After a bone injury, shape-shifting cells rush to the rescue

Ann Arbor, MI, USA – Scientists at the University of Groningen and the University Medical Center Groningen used molecular motors to manipulate the protein matrix on which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are grown. Rotating motors altered the protein structure, which resulted in a bias of the stem cells to differentiate into bone cells (osteoblasts). Without rotation, the stem cells tended to remain multipotent. These results, which could be used in tissue engineering, were published in Science Advances on 29 January.

27 Jan 2020

Six Patients With Rare Blood Disease Are Doing Well After Gene Therapy Clinical Trial

STEMBOOK\\: Six patients with rare blood disease are doing well after gene therapy clinical trial
Treatment uses person’s own stem cells instead of donor cells

Los Angeles, CA, USA – UCLA researchers are part of an international team that reported the use of a stem cell gene therapy to treat nine people with the rare, inherited blood disease known as X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, or X-CGD. Six of those patients are now in remission and have stopped other treatments. Before now, people with X-CGD – which causes recurrent infections, prolonged hospitalizations for treatment, and a shortened lifespan – had to rely on bone marrow donations for a chance at remission.

22 Jan 2020

Solving a Biological Puzzle: How Stress Causes Gray Hair

STEMBOOK: Solving a biological puzzle: How stress causes gray hair
HSCRB scientists uncover link between the nervous system and stem cells that regenerate pigment

Cambridge, MA, USA – When Marie Antoinette was captured during the French Revolution, her hair reportedly turned white overnight. In more recent history, John McCain experienced severe injuries as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War — and lost color in his hair.

16 Jan 2020

Cancer Study May Accidentally Help Researchers Create Usable Blood Stem Cells

STEMBOOK: Cancer study may accidentally help researchers create usable blood stem cells

Aurora, CO, USA – A massive research effort over more than a quarter century has tried to make personalized blood stem cells for use in treating leukemias, among many other uses. One way researchers have gone about this is to sample a patient’s adult cells and then “deprogram” them to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are capable of forming any of the body’s cell types, including blood cells. Unfortunately, these iPSCs also have the potential to become cancer. So researchers have largely refocused their efforts on making hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can’t make any cell type, but can produce many types of blood cells. The good news is that HSCs don’t seem to cause cancer like iPCs. The bad news is that researchers have been unable to create HSCs that can take hold and grow in the body.

15 Jan 2020

Mutations in Donors’ Stem Cells May Cause Problems for Cancer Patients

STEMBOOK: Mutations in Donors’ Stem Cells May Cause Problems for Cancer Patients
Heart problems, graft-versus-host disease are concerns

Washington, DC, USA – A stem cell transplant – also called a bone marrow transplant – is a common treatment for blood cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Such treatment can cure blood cancers but also can lead to life-threatening complications, including heart problems and graft-versus-host disease, in which new immune cells from the donor attack a patient’s healthy tissues.

13 Jan 2020

Artificial Muscle Sheets Transform Stem Cells into Bone

STEMBOOK: Artificial Muscle Sheets Transform Stem Cells into Bone
Programmable biomaterials for bone regeneration introduced

Washington, DC, USA –Specifically programmed materials can, under specific conditions, encourage stem cells to transform into bone cells – as revealed by a German research team under the leadership of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research. To do this, the scientists implemented a so-called shape-memory polymer in stem cell research. The study was published today in the renowned journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA.

Pages